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slide">Next slide</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="fullscreen" tabindex="-1" title="Toggle fullscreen (f)">Toggle fullscreen</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="presenter" tabindex="-1" title="Open presenter view (p)">Open presenter view</button></div><div id="p"><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="1" data-class="lead" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="FloralWhite" data-header="_Overview_" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="1" data-marpit-pagination-total="26" style="--class:lead;--paginate:true;--background-color:FloralWhite;--header:_Overview_;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;background-color:FloralWhite;background-image:none;">
<header><em>Overview</em></header>

<h1>概述</h1>
<h2>Overview</h2>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="2" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="_Overview_" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="2" data-marpit-pagination-total="26" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:_Overview_;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h2>Contents</h2>
<ol>
<li>硬件与软件、软件的特征</li>
<li>软件生命周期<code>SDLC</code>、敏捷<code>Agile</code>、开发运维一体化<code>DevOps</code></li>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🌟" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/1f31f.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 软件质量保证<code>SQA</code>与软件质量控制<code>SQC</code></li>
<li>软件质量保证工程师、软件开发工程师与软件测试工程师</li>
</ol>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>

<h2>硬件与软件Hardware vs Software</h2>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3>软件的特征Features of the Software</h3>
<ol>
<li>软件是开发产生的，而不能用传统方法批量制造</li>
<li>软件不像硬件一样有磨损</li>
<li>很多软件不能通过已有构件组装而成，只能个性化定义和开发</li>
</ol>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3>硬件和软件的失效曲线Failure Curve of Hardware and Software</h3>
<p><img src="./assets_image/hardware_failure_curve.png" alt="height:400" style="height:400px;" /><img src="./assets_image/software_failure_curve.png" alt="height:400" style="height:400px;" /></p>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>

<h3>软件生命周期SDLC</h3>
<p><img src="./assets_image/DevOps-process-flow.png" alt="height:550" style="height:550px;" /></p>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h4>软件定义阶段/软件分析阶段</h4>
<ul>
<li>集中于 <strong>“做什么”（what to do）/“做对的事情”（do right thing）</strong>
<ol>
<li>定义痛点 ==&gt; 问题定义</li>
<li>判断机会 ==&gt; 可行性分析/可行性研究</li>
<li>定义需求 ==&gt; 需求分析</li>
<li>确认需求 ==&gt; 需求确认</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h4>软件开发阶段/软件构建阶段</h4>
<ul>
<li>集中于 <strong>“如何做”（how to do）/“将事情做对”（do thing right）</strong>
<ol>
<li>映射需求 ==&gt; 概要设计、详细设计</li>
<li>实现需求 ==&gt; 编码</li>
<li>验证需求 ==&gt; 测试</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h4>软件运维阶段</h4>
<ul>
<li>集中于 <strong>“如何实现价值”（how to achieve）</strong> 和 <strong>“如何迭代升级”（how to upgrade iteratively）</strong>
<ol>
<li>实现需求价值 ==&gt; 部署、运维（运行+维护）</li>
<li>发掘新需求 ==&gt; 运维分析</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<p><img src="./assets_image/iron_triangle_paradigm_shift.jpg" alt="height:600" style="height:600px;" /></p>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<p><img src="./assets_image/what-is-DevOps.png" alt="height:600" style="height:600px;" /></p>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>

<h2><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🌟" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/1f31f.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 软件质量保证与软件质量控制SQA vs SQC</h2>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3>软件缺陷与软件质量Software Defect and Software Quality</h3>
<ul>
<li>软件缺陷<code>software defect</code>(noun)：指存在于软件（程序、数据或文档）中的不希望或不可接受的偏差</li>
<li>软件质量<code>software quality(SQ)</code>(noun)：指软件（程序、数据或文档）与明确的和隐含的定义的需求相一致的程度</li>
</ul>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3>软件质量保证与软件质量控制/软件测试SQA and SQC/ST</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>SQA (Software Quality Assurance)</code>(verb)： 定义和评估软件过程的适当性，通过提供证据来表明软件过程是合适的，其生产的软件产品质量符合预期目标</li>
<li><code>SQC (Software Quality Control)</code> (verb)/<code>ST (Software Testing)</code>(verb)： 在软件业界，<code>SQC</code>与<code>ST</code>为同义词，验证软件在有限的测试用例集时是否可产生期望的结果</li>
</ol>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <code>SQ</code>, <code>QA</code>/<code>SQA</code>, <code>QC</code>/<code>SQC</code>是公认缩写，<code>ST</code>是自造缩写 <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></p>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3>软件质量保证与软件测试SQA and ST</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>QC</code>的概念早于<code>QA</code>约10年诞生</li>
<li><code>SQA</code> vs <code>ST</code>
<ol>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⬅️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2b05.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 观点一： <code>ST</code>是<code>SQA</code>工作的一个活动，即<code>ST</code>是<code>SQA</code>的一个子集</li>
<li><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="➡️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/27a1.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 观点二（主流观点）： <code>ST</code>主要针对 <strong>结果</strong>，<code>SQA</code>主要针对 <strong>过程</strong>，<code>ST</code>属于 <strong>技术领域</strong>，<code>SQA</code>属于 <strong>工程领域</strong></li>
<li>其它观点</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/QA_Aliance/article/details/6778108">软件测试与质量保障之间的关系</a></li>
<li><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/43732189">质量保证、质量控制让你不再傻傻分不清楚</a></li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
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<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.hzbh.com/show.asp?id=797">ISO9001认证/ISO9000认证中文证书含义介绍</a></p>
</blockquote>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<p><img src="./assets_image/cmmi_dev_v1.3_certificate.jpg" alt="height:500" style="height:500px;" /></p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.only-china.com/About_524.html">http://www.only-china.com/About_524.html</a></p>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🌟" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/1f31f.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 软件质量保证与软件测试的联系Relationships of SQA and ST</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>SQA</code>和<code>ST</code>都是为了提升<code>SQ</code></li>
<li><code>SQA</code>和<code>ST</code>都属于<code>SQM</code>范畴</li>
<li><code>ST</code>这一过程属于<code>SQA</code>所关注的过程之一</li>
<li><code>SQA</code>的实现手段采用了<code>ST</code>中的静态方法（检查分析）</li>
</ol>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 软件质量保证 != 保证软件质量 <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></p>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🌟" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/1f31f.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 软件质量保证与软件测试的区别Differences between SQA and ST</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>SQA</code>关注生产产品的过程（向管理层反馈是否按照过程规范执行过程活动），<code>ST</code>关注产品本身（向管理层反馈产品质量是否合格）</li>
<li><code>SQA</code>属于事前预防、事中监督、事后定责的管理手段，<code>ST</code>属于事后检查、事后纠偏的技术手段</li>
<li><code>SQA</code>主要属于工程管理领域，<code>ST</code>主要属于技术领域</li>
</ol>
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<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3>软件质量保证、软件测试与软件质量管理SQA, ST and SQM</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>SQA</code>： 监控软件工程流程和方法以确保质量的一系列手段（<code>ISO 9000</code>/<code>ISO 9001</code>，<code>CMM</code>/<code>CMMI</code>等模型），SQA涵盖整个<code>SDLC</code></li>
<li><code>ST</code>： 对过程中的产出物（代码和文档）进行走查或运行，以找出问题，报告质量，并对发现的问题的进行分析、追踪与回归测试</li>
<li><code>SQM</code> <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo>≈</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\approx</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.48312em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mrel">≈</span></span></span></span> <code>SQA</code> + <code>SQC</code>/<code>ST</code></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E4%BF%9D%E8%AF%81">https://baike.baidu.com/item/软件质量保证</a>
<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E4%BF%9D%E8%AF%81">https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/软件质量保证</a></p>
</blockquote>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="22" data-class="lead" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="FloralWhite" data-header="_Overview_" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="22" data-marpit-pagination-total="26" style="--class:lead;--paginate:true;--background-color:FloralWhite;--header:_Overview_;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;background-color:FloralWhite;background-image:none;">
<header><em>Overview</em></header>

<h2>软件质量保证工程师、软件开发工程师与软件测试工程师SQA Engineer, Software Engineer and ST Engineer</h2>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="23" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="_Overview_" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="23" data-marpit-pagination-total="26" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:_Overview_;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3>开发团队Development Team</h3>
<ol>
<li>开发团队：<code>software architect</code> + <code>software designer</code>/<code>software engineer</code> + <code>software developer</code>/<code>coder</code></li>
<li>大开发团队：开发团队 + <code>software tester</code></li>
</ol>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="24" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="_Overview_" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="24" data-marpit-pagination-total="26" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:_Overview_;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3>软件质量保证工程师SQA Engineer</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>SQA Engineer</code>不属于大开发团队，而是归属于一个独立的团队</li>
<li>以独立审查方式，从第三方的角度监控<code>SDLC</code>的执行</li>
</ol>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="25" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="_Overview_" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="25" data-marpit-pagination-total="26" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:_Overview_;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header><em>Overview</em></header>
<h3>软件测试工程师级别Evolution of ST Engineer</h3>
<ol>
<li>测试员： 入门级工作，负责 <strong>执行</strong> 测试</li>
<li>测试分析师： 负责测试生命周期 <strong>计划与执行</strong>，包括： 计划测试、设计测试、执行测试</li>
<li>高级测试分析师： 测试团队中的 <strong>主角</strong></li>
<li>测试团队领导（测试总监）： 为测试而 <strong>负责</strong></li>
<li>测试顾问： <strong>制定或协助</strong> 制定测试策略、<strong>监管</strong> 测试</li>
<li>高级测试顾问： 充当多个测试团队的顾问</li>
<li>首席测试顾问： 定义、实现公司级的测试策略、监管公司级的测试</li>
</ol>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="26" data-class="lead" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="FloralWhite" data-header="_Overview_" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="26" data-marpit-pagination-total="26" style="--class:lead;--paginate:true;--background-color:FloralWhite;--header:_Overview_;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;background-color:FloralWhite;background-image:none;">
<header><em>Overview</em></header>

<h1>Thank You</h1>
<h2><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🆗" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/1f197.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/>End of This Chapter<img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🆗" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/1f197.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h2>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
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next version use SQC in SQM scope, and use ST in SDLC scope</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="12" tabindex="0"><p>### 软件缺陷Software Defect

A `Software Defect/Bug/Fault` is a condition in a software product which _**does not meet a software requirement (as stated in the requirement specifications)**_ or _**end-user expectation (which may not be specified but is reasonable)**_. In other words, a defect is _**an error**_ in _**coding**_ or _**logic**_ that causes a program to malfunction or to produce _**incorrect/unexpected**_ results.

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